安徽博物院、廣東省博物館共同主辦的“異趣•同輝——清代廣東外銷藝術(shù)精品展”，已經(jīng)在2015年12月24日在安徽博物院新館開始展覽了，展覽分為八個部分，多角度、全方位地讓觀眾欣賞、了解這些清代外銷藝術(shù)精品。展出的廣繡、廣彩、廣雕、外銷畫、外銷銀器、外銷漆器、外銷扇、名片盒等，無不洋溢著中華民族的傳統(tǒng)風格、廣州本土的審美趣味，又散發(fā)著西洋的異國情調(diào)，中國外銷藝術(shù)品是十八、十九世紀中西海貿(mào)背景下中國文化與西方文化的一次相遇，也是廣東本土文化與歐洲文化的一次對話。到了1840年，和平的海貿(mào)與藝術(shù)交流結(jié)束了，隨之而來的是中西之間的對抗與仇視，中國人，連同他的藝術(shù)被西方輕視。
第一部分 廣繡
廣繡是以廣州為中心的珠江三角洲民間刺繡工藝的總稱，以構(gòu)圖飽滿、繁而不亂、色彩艷麗、裝飾性強見長。明清時期，廣繡吸收了西洋油畫的藝術(shù)風格和明暗透視及光線折射的原理，形成了獨特風格，是中國四大名繡之一。這種中西結(jié)合的風格深合西方人的審美趣味，所以在歐美大受歡迎。
Canton Embroidery
Canton embroidery is a general term for folk embroidery products of the Pearl River Delta region, which takes Guangdong as the center, famous for full composition, complex and orderly with bright color and strong decoration. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, Guangdong embroidery formed its unique style by absorbing artistic style of Western oil painting and the principle of perspective and light refraction, becoming one of the Four Famous Embroideries in China. It was popular in Europe and the United States, for it combined the Chinese style with the Western style, catering for the taste of the Westerners.
第二部分 廣彩
廣彩是廣州織金彩瓷的簡稱，是廣州工匠將景德鎮(zhèn)的白瓷按照西方人的審美習慣加彩烘燒而成，主要用于外銷。廣彩是中西文化交流的結(jié)晶，它既有中國傳統(tǒng)彩繪藝術(shù)風格，又吸收了歐美的藝術(shù)精華；既保存了中國傳統(tǒng)紋飾，又創(chuàng)造性地采用了西方的歷史故事、宗教題材、神話傳說和風俗人情為圖案加以裝飾。
Kwon-glazed Porcelain
Kwon-glazed porcelain, also named as Guangdong-decorated export ware, is the abbreviation of the Weaving Gold Polychrome Porcelain made in Guangzhou. White glazed porcelain purchased from Jingdezhen was painted and fired in Guangzhou according to Western aesthetic taste, mainly sold abroad. Guangdong-decorated export ware has the artistic style of traditional Chinese painting and absorbs European and American type of art .It keeps traditional Chinese pattern and is decorated with the design of Western historical stories, religious themes, myths and legends as well as customs.
第三部分 廣雕
廣雕指在廣州地區(qū)生產(chǎn)的具有嶺南特色的雕刻工藝品，包括牙雕、骨雕、貝雕、木雕、玳瑁雕等。清代以來，廣雕融入西方文化元素，形成構(gòu)圖新穎別致、造型生動逼真、雕工精巧細膩的藝術(shù)特色。
Canton Carving
Canton Carving is a kind of carved handicrafts made in Guangzhou area with characteristics of Lingnan region, including ivory carving, bone carving, shell carving, wood carving, hawksbill carving, etc .Since the Qing Dynasty, Western cultural elements have been introduced into Canton carving, which forms its artistic characteristics of novel and unique composition, vivid shape and delicate technique.
第四部分 外銷畫
外銷畫產(chǎn)生并興盛于18、19世紀，集中在廣州十三行（今文化公園）一帶。為迎合西方社會盛行的熱衷“中國趣味”的風尚，廣州畫師采用西方的繪畫顏料和技法，繪制帶有中國風情的圖畫，銷售給來華的洋人。外銷畫繪畫種類多樣，有布本油畫、象牙油畫、玻璃油畫、通草水彩、紙本水粉、線描畫等。
Export Painting
Chinese Export painting appeared and became popular in the 18th and 19th centuries, centering in the Thirteen Hongs of Guangzhou (now Culture Park). In order to cater for the taste of Western fashion of “Chinese Taste”, Chinese painters took the Western pigment and technique to paint natural scenery and custom of China and sold to the foreigners who came to China. There were different kinds of Chinese export paintings , such as oil on canvas ,oil on ivory ,oil on glass , watercolor on gouache , watercolor on paper and line drawing, etc.
第五部分 外銷壁紙
中國壁紙是18、19世紀外銷商品中的一種時髦飾品，以花鳥、風景、生產(chǎn)、生活等題材為主。通常每幅長12英尺，寬4英尺，一般成套制成，形成一系列連續(xù)的景象，可以貼滿整個房間。
Export Wallpaper
In the 18th and 19th centuries, Chinese wallpaper was a kind of fashionable commodities of export goods. Most popular themes of Chinese wallpaper were Chinese flowers, birds, landscape, production and ordinary life. Normally, it was 12 feet long and 4 feet wide for a piece of wallpaper made of a series of consecutive pictures, which could be used to cover an entire room.
第六部分 外銷銀器
外銷銀器的生產(chǎn)制作在清代的廣州盛極一時。外銷銀器的店鋪主要集中在廣州商館區(qū)的同文街、靖遠街及河南花地一帶。由于廣州工匠生產(chǎn)的銀器工藝精湛、效率非凡、價格低廉，深得有使用和收藏銀器傳統(tǒng)的西方人的喜好，他們往往通過行商或自行向銀器鋪訂購銀器。
Export Silverware
Export silverware production was popular Guangzhou in the Qing Dynasty. Silverware shops were centered in the Foreign Factories in New China Street, Old China Street and Huadi of Henan District. Due to the exquisite arts and crafts, efficient production and low price, silverwares made in Guangzhou were welcome by Westerners who had the hobby to use and collect silverware. They used to order silverware by firms or buy in silverware shops in person.
第七部分 外銷漆器
中國是漆器的故鄉(xiāng)，早在六千多年前的河姆渡文化遺址中就已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)了漆器。18世紀，中國外銷到歐洲的家具以漆木家具為主，多采用黑漆描金的裝飾手法，式樣大到廚柜、桌椅、屏風，小到扇子、針線盒、工具箱等無所不包。多數(shù)家具的木胎事先由訂購地做好，再不遠萬里船運至廣州，廣州漆匠髹漆彩繪后再返運回訂購地。
Export Lacquer Ware
China is the hometown of lacquer ware .Lacquer wares were found in the Hemudu Culture Site of the early 6000 years ago .In the 18th century, Chinese furniture exported to European were mainly made of lacquer. Gold-traced lacquer painting was the main decorative method. Styles were various, including kitchen cabinets, tables and chairs, screens, fans, sewing box and toolbox, etc. Wood used for furniture production was ordered in advance and transported to Guangzhou. Having been painted, lacquered and foil coated in Guangzhou, lacquer was transported to the place where it was ordered.
第八部分 外銷扇
十八、十九世紀，廣州外銷扇風靡歐美，身著華麗晚禮服的宮廷貴婦都競相以手執(zhí)一柄小巧精致，極具東方情趣的扇子為時尚。這些專供外銷的扇子與中國傳統(tǒng)扇有著明顯區(qū)別，它們色彩艷麗，紋飾華美，材質(zhì)多樣。
Export Fan
Canton export fan was popular in Europe and the United States in the 18th and 19th centuries. Noble ladies in palace with Oriental -style fans were fashion. These export fans are obviously different from the Chinese traditional fans. They are bright in color, elegant in design and various in materials.
第九部分 名片盒
十八世紀末到十九世紀，名片在歐美社會的社交圈內(nèi)廣泛使用，用以放置名片的名片盒成為紳士淑女的隨身之物，甚至是重要配飾。它們外型纖巧、材質(zhì)多樣、精致優(yōu)雅，是集鑄造、雕刻、鑲嵌、繪畫等藝術(shù)于一身的工藝作品。
Business Card Box
At the end of the Eighteenth Century to the Nineteenth Century, business cards were widely used in social circle in Europe and the United States. Business card box became something personal or even import accessories of gentlemen and ladies. Being delicate in appearance, diverse in materials exquisite and graceful, they are artworks, centering arts and crafts of casting, carving, mosaic art and painting, etc. in one.
